Three-dimensional kagome structures in a PCL/HA-based hydrogel scaffold to lead slow BMP-2 release for effective bone regeneration

Osteoconductive function is remarkably low in bone disease the absence of tissue surrounding grafting site, or if poor condition. Thus, an effective graft terms both osteoconductivity and osteoinductivity required for clinical therapy. Recently, three-dimensional (3D) kagome structure has been shown to be advantageous regeneration due its mechanical properties. In this study, a polycaprolactone (PCL) kagome-structure scaffold containing hyaluronic acid (HA)-based hydrogel was fabricated using 3D printing technique. The retention capacity assessed vivo with rat calvaria subcutaneous model 3 weeks, results were compared those obtained conventional 3D-printed PCL grid-structure scaffolds HA-based bulk-type hydrogel. retained further evaluated by imaging system analysis. To reinforce scaffold, morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) HA implanted calvarial defect rabbits 16 weeks. characteristics hematoxylin eosin (H&E), Masson’s trichrome staining, micro-CT image